案例分析--在线汞分析仪在天然气中应用
本帖最后由 red 于 2021-8-21 22:55 编辑As most natural gas installations are built to order and have to meet particular requirements, the PSA Online Natural Gas systems are similarly specifically engineered to customer requirements for both measurement and control facilities for the measurement of mercury in natural gas. 由于大多数天然气装置是按订单中满足特定要求定制建造的，因此PSA在线天然气系统也是这样类似这样的工程，专门针对客户的需求量身定制用于测量和控制天然气中汞的测量设施。 Mercury in Natural gas is of concern as it is both highly toxic with detrimental effects on the environment, and can cause potentially catastrophic damage to Natural gas and Petrochemical installations. 天然气中的汞很受关注，因为它既有剧毒，对环境也有不利影响，并且可能对天然气和石化装置造成潜在的灾难性损害。 To avoid any potential damage, companies install mercury removal systems to ensure the important parts of the plant are protected. Periodic measurements of the outlets of these removal systems need to be made to ensure they are operating efficiently. The inlet concentrations also need to be checked to ensure the expected life of the removal bed is met. 为了避免任何潜在的损害，很多公司安装了除汞系统，以确保保护工厂的重要部分设备。需要对这些清除系统的出口进行定期测量，以确保其有效运行。还需要检查入口浓度，以确保达到消除床的预期寿命。 As these measurements are critical, the frequency of measurement needs to be high therefore the preferred method of obtaining this data is by using online instruments. Similarly at LNG terminals, gas tanker ships want fast turnaround times, so again, online instrumentation offering fast and automatic measurements are preferred. 由于这些测量至关重要，需要很高的测量频率，因此获取此数据的首选方法是使用在线仪器。同样，在LNG接收站，运输液化气的轮船也希望有快速的周转时间，因此，同样需要提供快速和自动测量的在线仪表。Online Mercury in Natural Gas Systems天然气系统中在线汞分析仪
he Online Natural Gas systems are based on two modules, the PSA 10.54X Sampling System and the PSA 10.670 Process Analyser. These units operating together provide a powerful mercury monitoring system for Natural gas. 在线天然气系统基于两个模块，即PSA 10.54X采样系统和PSA 10.670过程分析仪。这些单元一起运行可为天然气提供强大的汞监测系统。
Mercury monitoring system for Natural gas天然气中汞监测系统 These modules can utilise optional modules such as Primary Pressure Reduction, Primary Bypass Control or use Automatic Carrier Gas Control to configure a bespoke system. 这些模块可以使用可选模块，例如主减压阀，主旁通控制或使用自动载气控制来配置定制系统。PSA 10.54X Online Sampling systemPSA 10.54X在线采样系统PSA10.54X分类
PSA 10.542 中加热阀的典型布置
PSA have designed suitable online sampling systems based on the widely used offline sampling system the PSA 10.547D which ensure that the sample taken is fully representative of the matrix when presented to the measurement device. PSA在广泛使用的离线采样系统PSA 10.547D的基础上设计了合适的在线采样系统，该系统可确保在提供给测量设备时所采集的样品能够完全具有代表性。ffline sampling system the PSA 10.547D离线采样系统PSA 10.547D The PSA 10.54X series of online sampling systems have been designed to operate in hazardous areas using electrical components certified to explosion proof rating and are built to handle an typically 1-8 channels (although 4 streams are normally the maximum in one cabinet). PSA 10.54X系列在线采样系统经过特殊设计，可在危险区域中使用通过防爆等级认证的电气组件运行，并且通常可处理1-8个流路（尽管一个机柜中通常最多可容纳4个流路）。 The process analyser section is housed in a purged enclosure which can utilise air or nitrogen purge. The purged enclosure has a controller which only allows power to be applied to the instrument when it is safe to do so and can be constructed to meet NEC, IECEx or ATEX standards. 过程分析仪部分可安装位于可用空气或氮气吹扫的吹扫外壳中。吹扫的外壳具有一个仅在安全的情况下才允许对仪器通电的控制器，并且构造符合NEC，IECEx或ATEX标准。 The PSA 10.670 is specifically designed to determine total gaseous mercury (TGM) in process gas streams such as natural gas, sour gas, fuel gas, LNG, LPG, butane, ethylene, propylene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and Syngas. It is also used for measuring total mercury in volatile liquid hydrocarbons and condensates. PSA 10.670经过专门设计，可确定天然气，酸性气体，燃料气，LNG，LPG，丁烷，乙烯，丙烯，氢气，二氧化碳和合成气等工艺气流中的总气态汞（TGM）。它也用于测量挥发性液态烃和冷凝物中的总汞。PSA 10.525 Sir Galahad mercury analyser PSA 10.525汞分析仪
The heart of the PSA 10.670 Online Analyser is the PSA 10.525 Sir Galahad mercury analyser operating in dual amalgamation mode. The system also contains a stream selection unit (for multi channel operation and automatic calibration), an automatic calibration system PSA 10.536 Hg Vapour Generation and an industrial computer with monitor running the PSA Online Software. PSA 10.670在线分析仪的核心是PSA 10.525 主机,汞分析仪以双重混合模式运行。该系统还包含一个流路选择单元（用于多通道操作和自动校准），一个自动校准系统PSA 10.536 汞蒸气发生器和一台带有运行PSA在线软件的监视器的工业计算机。PSA 10.536 Hg Vapour GenerationPSA 10.536 汞蒸气发生器 The PSA 10.670 used for the measurement of mercury in natural gas by atomic fluorescence follows the ASTM 6350-98 and ISO 6978-2 procedures and is specifically configured for the petrochemical industry. 用于通过原子荧光原理测量天然气中汞的PSA 10.670分析仪，遵循ASTM 6350-98和ISO 6978-2规程，是专门为石化行业配置的。 The system can be expanded to simultaneously handle the online analysis of mercury in volatile liquid hydrocarbons and condensates by the addition of the PSA 10.690 Mercury Preconcentration system. 通过增加PSA 10.690汞预浓缩系统，可以扩展该系统以同时处理挥发性液态烃和冷凝物中汞的在线分析。 P S Analytical have sold large numbers of Sir Galahad systems for the determination of Mercury in Natural Gas to all the oil and gas multinationals, the majority of the field testing companies and many of the mercury removal system suppliers. P S Analytical已向大量石油和天然气跨国公司，大多数现场测试公司以及许多除汞系统供应商出售了大量用于测定天然气中汞的Sir Galahad主机系统。 Many Online Mercury in Natural gas/LNG Systems have been sold worldwide to customers who have multiple systems, many of which handle multiple gas streams. 应用于天然气/ LNG系统中的许多在线汞分析仪，已在全球范围内出售给拥有多种系统和多种气体流路的客户。
About PSA Founded by Prof Peter B Stockwell in 1983, PSA has gained an international reputation as leaders in the determination of these environmentally important elements. Matrices include water, soils, sludges, effluents and gases with customers and installations worldwide. The company's initial focus was supplying accessories for automating and improving the detection limits of Atomic Absorption, Inductively Coupled and Direct Current Plasma spectrometry detection systems. Products included Hydride/Vapour Generators, Autosamplers and Valve Switching Units. PSA由Peter B Stockwell教授于1983年创立，在确定这些对环境重要的元素方面，作为领导者在国际上享有盛誉。模型包括水，土壤，污泥，废水和气体，其客户和设施遍布全球。该公司最初的重点是提供用于自动化和改善原子吸收，电感耦合和直流等离子体光谱检测系统的检测极限的附件。产品包括氢化物/蒸气发生器，自动进样器和阀门开关单元。 In 1987/88 PSA developed and launched the Merlin Plus system for ultra-low level mercury determinations. With this new analysis system PSA developed a product line to parallel the existing OEM related business and began to provide complete analytical systems to solve customer problems. Using the Atomic Fluorescence technique, the Merlin Plus system gave analysts the ability to measure mercury at levels of below 1 ppt at up to 120 samples per hour. 1987/88年，PSA开发并推出了用于超低含量汞测定的Merlin Plus系统。PSA通过这种新的分析系统开发了一条与现有OEM相关业务并行的产品线，并开始提供完整的分析系统来解决客户问题。使用原子荧光技术，Merlin Plus系统使分析人员能够每小时最多120个样品以低于1 ppt的水平测量汞。PSA英国总部 PSA's new headquarters in Orpington, Kent, UK, offer extensive modern facilities for the design, development, manufacture and testing of its product range.Most of the research and development work is carried out in-house in ournew purpose built laboratories.System manufacture and testing is also carried out on-site and this gives greater quality control and the ability to continuously improve performance, reliability and design.We havea dedicated training centre to extend our technical support services for the end users of our instrumentation 。 PSA在英国肯特郡奥尔平顿的新总部，为产品系列的设计，开发，制造和测试提供了广泛的现代化设施，大部分研发工作均在我们新建的实验室中进行。并在现场进行测试，这可以提供更好的质量控制，并能够不断提高性能，可靠性和设计能力。我们拥有专门的培训中心，可以为仪器的最终用户扩展技术支持服务。 In September 2002 PSA launched its USA Office. Situated in Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA it provides additional sales and service support to our customers in the US.s PSA在2002年9月成立了美国办事处。它位于美国佛罗里达州的迪尔菲尔德比奇，为美国的客户提供额外的销售和服务支持。
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